Tetra-Quark Resonances in Lattice QCD

We study qqq̄q̄-type four-quark (4Q) systems in SU(3)c anisotropic quenched lattice QCD, using the O(a)-improved Wilson (clover) fermion at β = 5.75 on 12 × 96 with renormalized anisotropy as/at = 4. For comparison, we first investigate the lowest qq̄ scalar meson from the connected diagram and find its large mass of about 1.32GeV after chiral extrapolation, and thus the lowest qq̄ scalar meson corresponds to f0(1370). We investigate the lowest 4Q state in the spatially periodic boundary condition, and find that it is just a two-pion scattering state, as is expected. To examine spatially-localized 4Q resonances, we use the Hybrid Boundary Condition (HBC) method, where anti-periodic and periodic boundary conditions are imposed on quarks and antiquarks, respectively. By applying HBC on a finite-volume lattice, the threshold of the two-meson scattering state is raised up, while the mass of a compact 4Q resonance is almost unchanged. In HBC, the lowest 4Q state appears slightly below the two-meson threshold. To clarify the nature of the 4Q system, we apply the Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) for the 4Q correlator and obtain the spectral function of the 4Q system. From the combination analysis of MEM with HBC, we finally conclude that the 4Q system appears as a two-pion scattering state and there is no spatially-localized 4Q resonance in the quark-mass region of ms < mq < 2ms.